Tax&Phylog


**Taxonomy and Phylogeny**

**Phylogeny** : the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms  
 * Taxonomy** : the science of classifying living things
 * The Levels of Phylogeny**:
 * K** – Kingdom (most general)
 * P** – Phylum
 * C** – Class
 * O** – Order
 * F** – Family
 * G** – Genus
 * S** – Species (most specific)

 K, P, C, O, F, G, S

Naming a species (//Genus species)// General characteristics of all 6 Kingdoms = **6 Kingdoms and Some of Their Characteristics**=
 * || **Archaebacteria** || **Eubacteria** || **Protista** || **Fungi** || **Animalia** || **Plantae** ||
 * **Basic Definition** || Bacteria that live in extreme environments || Common bacteria || Single-celled organisms || Mushrooms, yeast, molds || Animals || plants ||
 * **Breath oxygen** || No || yes || Some do some do not || Yes, except yeast are anaerobic || Yes || Yes ||
 * **Have a nucleus** || No || no || yes || Yes || Yes || yes ||
 * **Size approximations** || From 1/10 of a micrometer to more than 15 micrometers || From 2/10 of a micrometer to 50 micrometers || Unicellular to giant kelps || From single celled to 3.5 mile wide mushroom || It ranges || It ranges ||
 * **Have a cell wall** || yes || yes || yes || Yes || no || Yes ||
 * **Reproduce sexually** || Asexually by binary fission || Asexually by binary fission || Some do some do not || Some do some do not || Yes || yes ||
 * **Living Environment** || Live in extreme environments (hot, acidic, salty)- some up to 212º F || Live in extreme environments (similar to that of archaebacteria) || Water, land || Water, land || Water, land || Ocean, land ||



**__ 3 Domains __ **
** ~Some organisms are organized into domains instead of kingdoms.~ ** 1. Archaea: Bacteria that live in extreme environments (prokaryotes) - lives in high tempetures. - these bacteria can be found in the hot springs at Yellow Stone Nashional Park



2. Eubacteria: Common bacteria (prokaryotes)  2. Eubacteria: Common bacteria (prokaryotes)  <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #0089ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">- Complex - Single celled - Most bacteria are part of the Eubacteria - Some are helpful, beneficial (Produce vitamins) - Some are harmful (Strep throat)

<span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">3. Eukarya: Organisms whose DNA is in a nucleus (eukaryotes) - Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes - organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures enclosed within membranes

Assigning Scientific Names To classify organisms, one name is assigned to every species. Today, scientific names are Latin or Greek because this was what scientists used in the 18th century. Binomial Nomenclature is the naming system developed by Carolus Linneus. Each species is assigned a specific two-part name. The first part is the organism’s genus and this is capitalized. The second part is unique to the species and often describes an important trait that the organism possesses or where it lived. This is lowercase. An organism’s scientific name is always italicized or underlined. For example, the scientific name for dogs is //Canis lupus familiaris.//