17.4+Patterns+of+Evolution



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**Macroevolution  - ** large scale evolutionary patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time ======

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**Adaptive Radiation - ** the process in which studies of fossils or of living organisms show that a single species or small group of species has evolved through natural selection and other processes ======

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**Convergent Evolution  - ** the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another ======

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**Coevolution - **<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> the process by which two species evolved in response to changes in each other over time ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">**<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Punctuated Equilibrium <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">- **<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> a term used to describe the pattern of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> ** Gradualism ** - When evolution proceeds at a gradual pace, without the sudden evolution of a new species from one generation to the next. Proved by fossils. ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">a. There is a theory that during the Cretaceous Period an asteroid bombarded Earth spewing dust and water vapor, resulting in a <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">climate change where the existing species couldn't adapt. ======

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[[image:http://www.enchantedlearning.com/t2gifs/toobigtofail2.GIF width="403" height="207" caption="Too big to fail T. rex"]]
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<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">1. Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">1. When two closely connected species by "ecological interactions" evolve together.
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[] a. Example: Pollinators will only appeal to flowers that have the specific shape, color, and smell. b. The two species MUST evolve over time together. (aka- If one evolves the other one is soon to follow) 2. Darwin predicted the outcome of certain species evolutionary pattern by using the theroy of coevolution a. Example: It was predicted by Darwin that an orchid with forty centimeters to structure with its nectar would have a pollinator with a forty centimeter structure to reach it. Proved true fifty years later. 3. Coevolutionary relationships can be traced back over millions of years. J.B./E.M.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">2. Species have equilibrium, when there aren't any major changes.
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">a. For example: Horseshoe crabs have changed very little from the oldest fossil record on them. 3. When equilibrium is disturbed evolution occurs. Modern scientists believe that most new species are made by rapid change (which could still be hundreds, thousands, or millions of years) a. Reasons: Population becomes isolated, the small population evolves faster than the larger one, and migration. b. Example: Darwin's Galapagos finches. J.B. \ [] <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> []

HELPFUL LINKS/GOING FURTHER (honestly check these cites out!): <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[] [] [] [] [] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[]. [] __ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[] [] J.B.

Credits: Vocab-Kim Extinction-Juliana Adaptive Radiation-Kim Convergent Evolution-Kim Coevolution-Juliana/Eileen Punctuated equilibrium-Juliana Helpful links/Going further-Juliana