EnergyforLife

photosynthesis occurs in two groups of reactions: light reactions and calvin cycle
 * Energy for Life – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration**

Chlorophyll- a green pigment found in most plants that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green, giving plants there green color. takes place in flattened stacks of thylakoids called grana 3 things happen... -pigments in thylakoid absorb light energy -water molecules split into hydrogen and oxygen -light energy is converted into chemical energy (NADPH/ATP) starts with light and water ends with NADPH+, ATP, H+, O2 [PS continues because NADPH+/ATP is not stable and there is no carbon to build cells]
 * __LIGHT REACTIONS__**
 * convert visible light into chemical energy that powers the calvin cycle**
 * summary:**

__**CALVIN CYCLE**__ takes place in the area around the grana called stroma starts with NADPH+ and ATP from light reactions, and CO2 from the air ends with glucose containing chemical energy empty energy holders (ADP and NADP+) can be reused in the light reactions
 * converts CO2 into stable, easily transported sugars that provide energy and carbon skeletons**
 * summary:**



-O2 gets electrons from the decomposed subtrates -glucose is obtained by digesting carbohydrates or glycogen -raw materials are carbs, fats and proteins C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 > 6C02 + 6H2O + energy**
 * __AEROBIC RESPIRATION__**
 * cell respiration in the presence of oxygen
 * summary

1.Glycolysis -glucose broken into 2 pieces ATP forms NAD+ reduced to form NADH 4 molecules of ATP (net gain of 2) 2 molecules of NADH 2 molecules of pyruvate/ pyruvic acid 2. Krebs Cycle -completes decomposition of glucose and oxidation of glucose into CO2 -little ATP made -takes place in mitochondria (2 pyruvates >) 6 CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP 3. Electron Transport Chamber 8 NADH + FADH2 > 6 H20 and 32 ATP
 * 3 step process
 * results in...
 * results in...

__ Alcoholic Fermentation __ __ Lactic Acid Fermentation __
 * pyruvic acid + NADH = alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ **
 * Done by Yeasts and microorganisms
 * Forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
 * Causes bread dough to rise
 * Anaerobic
 * pyruvic acid + NADH ****à lactic acid + NAD+ **
 * Produced in muscles during rapid exercise
 * When body cannot supply oxygen
 * Happens when there is not enough oxygen to produce ATP
 * Lactic acid is a waste for unicellular organisms